International Journal of Social and Business Studies
The International Journal of Social and Business Sciences (IJSBS) is an interdisciplinary scholarly research journal whose primary objective is to disseminate novel research articles that address pragmatic concerns prevalent in academia or industry. The research articles will encompass a wide range of disciplines, including but not limited to management sciences and social sciences. The rigorous screening process, double-blind peer review, and anti-plagiarism verification that research publications undergo are conducted by esteemed national and international scholars who possess extensive knowledge and experience in their respective fields. The purpose of the published articles is to furnish enriched resources that enable readers at the local, regional, and international levels to augment their understanding and conceptualization. As a research journal, IJSBS affords scholars the chance to generate novel and inventive concepts and ideas pertaining to management, business, and industry practices in both developed and developing economies, with a specific focus on Pakistan. IJSBS will function as an intermediary platform connecting scholars and professionals in both domestic and global business contexts. The articles that are submitted undergo evaluation by the editorial advisory board and, as a compulsory element, are subjected to a double-blind peer-review procedure for peer refereeing.
AL-BEHISHAT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Exploring the effects of Air Pollution, Renewable Energy usage, and AI-driven Technologies on Australia's Economic Development Using the ARDL Model
This research uses the ARDL model to evaluate the impact of air pollution, renewable energy, and AI technologies on Australia's economic growth from 2010 to 2020. Findings indicate that renewable energy may negatively affect growth in the short term, but it has a positive long-term impact.AI boosts GDP quickly. Air pollution negatively impacts economic performance, underscoring the need for environmental regulations. The limits test indicates a consistent long term link between the variables, validating co-integration. This research bridges a knowledge gap by integrating AI, sustainability, and environmental factors into a unified framework. It offers insights to better align AI and renewable energy policies for sustainable growth. Keywords: Economic Growth, Artificial Intelligence, Environmental Sustainability, ARDL, Renewable Energy.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Social and Business Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Influence of Green Innovation on the Performance of an Organization: The MediatingEffects of GHRM
Achieving green growth objectives requires collective effort from society. As market actors, businesses have a significant impact on promoting sustainable development and environmental friendliness. With the advent of environmentally friendly innovations, companies have been able to boost their overall efficiency. The human resource practices that mediate interventions are investigated in this study using resource-based theory. A total of 289 construction workers from Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi participated in the cross-sectional study. A survey of construction industry employees in Pakistan is included in the dataset. A regression and moderated approach quantitative analysis technique was employed in the investigation. Green innovation boosts organizational performance, according to SPSS statistics. Green HR practices like training, performance evaluation, and employee engagement strengthen this interaction, according to the interaction analysis, which in turn supports the mediating effect on GI and OP. To maximize the advantages of green innovation, the results have shown how crucial it is to link HR processes with sustainability goals. This study adds to the growing body of literature on sustainable business practices and offers actionable advice to organizations that are serious about making a difference in the world via their people and business strategy. Keywords: Organizational Performance, Green Innovation, HR Practices, Construction Industry
Enhancing Hybrid Work Flexibility through Employee Performance: A moderated mediation model
This investigation explores the impact of hybrid work flexibility on employee performance, emphasizing the role of work engagement and the influence of digital leadership competency. Utilizing SET, the study implemented a cross-sectional design and gathered samples from employees, analyzing data via AMOS from 395 IT manufacturing employees operating in a hybrid work environment in Pakistan. The results indicate that the flexibility of hybrid work has a beneficial impact on employee performance, with work engagement serving as a partial mediator in this connection. Furthermore, the competency in digital leadership influences the extent to which hybrid work flexibility affects employee performance. The findings from this study offer both theoretical insights and practical applications for organizations operating in hybrid work environments. Keywords: Hybrid Work Flexibility, Work Engagement, Employee Performance, Digital Leadership.
Grasping the complexities of Pakistani educators' pedagogical approaches and students' needs
This study explored the relationships between perceived motivating and demotivating teaching styles and students' need satisfaction and frustration in the context of Pakistani middle and high school students. A sample of 1,715 students completed surveys assessing their self-reported and perceived experiences with motivating and demotivating teaching styles, as well as their levels of need satisfaction and frustration. The findings revealed that students' perception of motivating teaching styles was positively linked to their need satisfaction, while demotivating teaching styles were associated with increased need frustration. Additionally, students' need satisfaction was found to have a positive relationship with their perception of a controlling teaching style. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these results. Keywords: Need satisfaction, need frustration, Teaching Self-determination, Motivating styles.
Exploring the Paradigm of Fintech Adoption Among Gen Z in Pakistan: An Empirical Examination
This study seeks to identify the drivers behind Generation Z's use and adoption of financial technology (Fintech) in Pakistan, understanding that this is critical to bridging the gap of financial illiteracy and promoting financial inclusion. Specifically, it examines the role of digital financial literacy, attitude, perceived usefulness, social influence, perceived ease of use, and status quo value in driving Fintech adoption by Gen Z, and explores whether there is any variation in these determinants and consumer actions between students with urban or rural origins. Data were collected from over 300 Generation Z university students and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), focusing on examining both the measurement model in terms of reliability and validity and structural model in terms of hypothesized relationships. Findings show that digital financial literacy, perceived value, and status quo value are the strongest determinants of Fintech adoption, while attitude shows no significant impact. Interestingly, adoption among urban respondents is much higher compared to rural respondents, in evidence of context of place playing a role. These findings suggest that stakeholders like policymakers, educators, and Fintech developers can encourage more inclusive and effective strategies by improving digital financial literacy and bearing sociocultural and contextual ones in mind, particularly the urban-rural dimension. Being one of the few studies purely on Generation Z in Pakistan and one of the first to compare urban and rural Fintech adoption differences, this study provides fresh and useful contributions to the literature on technology adoption within emerging economies and assists in contributing towards broader initiatives on financial inclusion. The study thus identifies the need for tailored Fintech initiatives that suit the individual preferences, challenges, and environments of young consumers to maximize gains from adoption and impact.
Online Consumer Behavior in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review of Ecommerce Adoption, Trust, and Socio-Cultural Dynamics Online Consumer Behavior
The rapid development of online technologies and internet accessibility has transformed consumer purchasing habits worldwide, with Bangladesh being no exception. Over the past decade, the country has experienced steady growth in e-commerce use, driven by increased smartphone usage, mobile payments, and evolving consumer lifestyles. However, online consumer behavior in Bangladesh results from complex interactions among various factors, including digital literacy, socio-cultural influences, online transaction security, confidence in payment methods, and infrastructural challenges. This paper reviews existing literature on online consumer behavior in Bangladesh, comparing empirical, theoretical, and cross-market studies with other emerging economies. The review uses thematic categories such as the theoretical basis of consumer behavior, global and local e-commerce trends, digital literacy levels, trust and safety issues, socio-demographic impacts, and purchase intention models to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Critical analysis of prior research reveals notable gaps, such as a focus skewed toward rural consumers, insufficient qualitative data on trust-building mechanisms, and a lack of longitudinal studies tracking changes in consumer attitudes over time. These findings highlight the need for policy actions to enhance payment security, improve digital skills, and foster consumer confidence, along with opportunities for businesses to address socio-cultural factors. The review concludes by proposing future research directions to deepen understanding of online consumer behavior in Bangladesh’s rapidly expanding digital marketplace. Keywords: Online Consumer Behavior, E-commerce Adoption, Bangladesh Market, Digital Literacy, Payment Security, Socio-cultural Factors, Customer Trust, Purchase Intention
Governance Apathy and Systemic Barriers in Enforcing Shariah Compliance: A Critical Study of Islamic Banking Practices in Bangladesh
Over the past few decades, the Islamic banking sector in Bangladesh has developed tremendously, but it is still struggling to establish the ability to support compliance with the Shariah guidelines. The research paper examines the root causes of non-compliance and deals particularly with the indifference of the senior management and the board members when it comes to believing in Shariah-based operational principles. The study, based on a mixture of regulatory reviews, qualitative interviews, and institutional case experiences, determines a tangled net of challenges, featuring the absence of Shariah literacy, insufficient internal monitoring, misapplication of regulatory largesse (such as reduced SLR/CRR), corruption, and external political pressure. These discoveries explain the fact that Shariah departments tend to work with low powers and that Bangladesh Bank, which is the central regulatory authority, has not carried out strict actions against the culprits, and this further promotes systemic indifference. This is worsened by the lack of a special Islamic banking statute and diminishing religious drive among the staff and customers of the banks. To make it clear that Islamic banking is not merely symbolic in Bangladesh, this paper requests a structural reform in the mechanism of governance, an improved legal framework, and the re-medicalizations of Islamic financial institutions in the country. Keywords: Islamic Banking, Shariah Compliance, Bangladesh, Financial Governance, Religious Motivation, Central Bank Regulation, Institutional Corruption
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Social and Business Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Faculty Promotion and Designation Policies on Sustaining Quality Education: A Study within Colleges of Social Sciences
This paper discusses the research topic of the effects of promotion and designation of the faculty members in the Colleges of Social Sciences regarding the sustainability of quality education. While promotion is typically associated with academic performance and leadership, its actual influence on teaching effectiveness, student engagement, and institutional growth has not been thoroughly examined. This study utilized concepts from institutional theory and organizational behavior models. The research employed qualitative methods, including interviews, policy analysis, and academic performance data, to investigate how hierarchical structure and career incentives impact educational outcomes. Such discoveries highlight the potential and limitations of current promotion systems, particularly within the higher education environments of developing countries. Strategic suggestions, which are primarily used in aligning faculty promotion with the goals of quality assurance, are also included at the end of the paper.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nuryneil M. Joe M. Joe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Does the Foreign Direct Investment spur the growth of the Economy? A Case Study approach with implications on the Public Health and Economic development
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been considered by many as a driving force to an economic revolution in developing economies with capital inflows, tech transfer and creation of employment opportunities. However, the issue as to how far FDI can advance sustainable economic development is controversial, especially when it comes to its wider implications on the level of a population in terms of its public health and human development. The present paper will critically analyze the links between FDI and economic development by using a case study of Bangladesh to draw upon the effects of foreign investments on macroeconomic indicators and the health of the population. In an atmosphere of mixed methodology that blends quantitative data analysis and qualitative interpretation, the research demonstrates that although FDI plays an important role in the development of economies in the form of economic growth and creating employment opportunities, confirmation on its direct and positive role in advancing the health condition of the people and improving the health infrastructure and health systems is minimal. These findings show that the necessity of targeted policy mechanisms to align FDI strategies with the set priorities in terms of public health to attain the development of inclusive and sustainable growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joyshree Das , Anupam Saha, Md Abdullah At Tasrif, Faruk Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Timeless Ideals: The Enduring Influence of Karl Marx’s Thought on Social Change and Development Across Eras
The paper subjected this philosopher, Karl Marx, to a critical review of the impact of his teachings on social change and development based on the issues of historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The examination of the most fundamental Marxist concepts, such as classes, the struggle of classes, surplus value, and proletariat against capitalist dichotomy, as well as the role of the proletariat in the adoption of socio-economic change in the future, concludes this study of evaluating the applicability of the Marxist idea in the past and the contemporary economic and societal developments. The manuscript uses a qualitative method of literature review to synthesize the old and new views, thus emphasizing the generality of Marxism in varied historical backgrounds and at various phases of societal development. This is evident in the findings that Marxist analysis has remained relevant in the analysis of inequality, exploitation of labor, and structural contradictions in the developing and developed world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Abdul Jalil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Satisfaction with HR Practices and Organizational Commitment: The Case Against a Universal Approach
People are starting to wonder about the one-size-fits-all human resource (HR) practices strategy that truly results in higher employee commitment. This study examines how satisfaction with HR practices relates to an organization’s commitment, taking into account the unique conditions of each organization. It explores how social exchange theory and the person-organization fit model illustrate the relationship among moderating factors, employees’ satisfaction with HR practices, and their level of commitment. Findings indicate that employees' responses to HR actions depend heavily on the prevailing situation and culture. The study demonstrates that to enhance loyalty and performance, companies should tailor their HR strategies to meet their specific needs.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Social and Business Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Strategic Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Turnover, Organizational Productivity, and Economic Performance: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis
This study explores the strategic influence of human resource management (HRM) practices on employee turnover, organizational productivity, and overall economic performance in the context of medium to large enterprises in Bangladesh. By employing a mixed-methods approach integrating both quantitative and qualitative data, the study provides comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of HR practices in emerging economies. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze survey data from 300 HR professionals, while thematic content analysis of interviews offered in-depth contextual interpretation. The findings reveal that HRM practices significantly reduce turnover, enhance productivity, and contribute positively to financial outcomes. This study not only extends theoretical frameworks like the Resource-Based View (RBV), Human Capital Theory, and the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) model into a new context but also offers actionable recommendations for business leaders and policymakers. Keywords: Human Resource Management, Employee Turnover, Organizational Productivity, Economic Performance, Bangladesh, Strategic HRM, SEM, Mixed Methods
Copyright (c) 2024 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Perception Paradox: Conventional Private Bankers’ Understanding and Acceptance of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh
This research paper examines the perception paradox undergone by the conventional private commercial bankers in Bangladesh over Islamic banking. Although Islamic banking has experienced rapid expansion in Islamic countries, among which is Bangladesh, the adoption by conventional banking experts is skewed. The study examines the level of understanding, acceptance, benefits, and challenges of Islamic banking within the context of the conventional bankers’ perspective. Using a case study approach based on theoretical underpinnings, including Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and Institutional Theory, the paper seeks to bring out the cognitive and institutional barriers that impact perception. Interviews with the senior bankers in leading private banks shed light on the attitude, knowledge gap, and the reluctance or support of Islamic banking. The report reveals a significant gap between theoretical acceptance and practical scepticism, which calls for an integrated training, regulatory congruity and strategic synergy between banking systems.
Navigating the Dual Imperatives of Motivation & Safety: A Critical Analysis of HR Compliance in Dhaka’s Apparel Sector
The apparel sector in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is both an economic engine and a site of persistent labor concerns. This manuscript critically explores the dual imperatives of employee motivation and occupational safety within the framework of human resource (HR) compliance in the apparel industry. Drawing on current literature, labor reports, and theoretical models of motivation and regulatory compliance, the paper examines how HR practices in the sector respond to internal organizational demands and external pressures for safety and ethical labor standards. The analysis highlights systemic gaps in compliance implementation and their impacts on worker morale, well-being, and productivity. This paper contends that lasting improvement in worker outcomes calls for a revolutionary approach to HR strategy emphasizing employee dignity, voice, and empowerment in addition to regulatory compliance. Recommendations are made for organizational change and policy reform catered to the socio-economic reality of Dhaka's garment sector.
Motivation; Occupational Safety; Human Resources; Compliance; Apparel Organizations; Bangladesh; Worker Rights; Labor Standards; Dhaka Garment Industry; HR Strategy.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Social and Business Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Unveiling the Impact of FinTech Adoption on Financial Performance in emerging economies
The onset of Financial Technology or commonly known as FinTech has brought innovations in the finance sector in touch with innovation to enhance its effectiveness, efficiency and buyer experience. Thus, the role of customer satisfaction in moderating the relationship between FinTech adoption and financial performance of banking was the focus of study. Moreover, paper aims to identify links among customer satisfaction and FinTech financial performance solutions. According to this paper, from the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective, statistical data obtained from 420 bank’s clients with the help of a structured questionnaire were processed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The studies reveal that FinTech significantly facilitates the relationship between customer satisfaction and financial performance. From the foregoing, the implications for published research for the financial institutions interested in adopting FinTech as the course to make more competitive.
Human Resource Management in the Age of AI: A Study on Technological Adoption and Organizational Impact
The substantial development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology now dramatically transforms key parts of business management specifically within Human Resource Management systems. Organizations that implement AI technologies lead to major changes in HR functions because of their implementation of automation alongside predictive analytics and data-based decisions. The research studies the effects of implementing Artificial Intelligence technology in Human Resource Management by evaluating changes in recruitment and employee engagement and performance management systems in the Information Technology industry. The discussion evaluates ethical challenges associated with data protection as well as algorithmical discrimination and clarity in systems and it predicts the developments of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management functions. The analysis tracks industrial distinctions in AI implementation as well as employee perspectives about AI-enabled HR strategies. The paper ends with a discussion about required legal and policy structures needed to manage AI deployment in HRM before examining organizational strategic aspects for future progress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Faruk Ahmed, Dr. Anupam Saha, Md Abdullah At Tasrif, A R S Ibn Ali, Nure Alam Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Implication of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Systematic Review
This research performs a literature review to analyze the effects of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into human resource management (HRM). In the present study, a total of 18 papers were reviewed from several academic databases to know the prominent impact of AI in Human Resource Management such as effectiveness, efficiency, and decision-making in the firm. Though there are some key ideas, concerns were raised on data protection, privacy, and the lack of skill among Human Resource staff. Moreover, a psychological aspect, such as the influence on the personnel and the team climate, is highly challenging. Therefore, the integration of AI and HRM can be the basis for a new paradigm in Managerial HRM; at the same time, it poses the management of new highly challenging conditions. This research sets a strong background for a clear and extensive understanding of AI and HRM.
Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Policies of Pedagogical Accompaniment as a Development Strategy Teaching Professional: Theoretical Review
Considering pedagogical accompaniment that crucial component of teachers who perform their duties in learning contexts. Through academic context learning teacher fosters critical thinking, reflection, and pedagogical autonomy, ultimately improving capacity for research, evaluation, and directly professional development. The aims of this theoretical review explores pedagogical accompaniment approaches, emphasizing their roots, empowerment, and collaboration. Additionally, it also discusses pedagogical accompaniment role in teaching professional’s development, highlighting need for continuous skill and knowledge enhancement. The paper also presents methodological approach and discusses findings from relevant studies, underlining dynamic and multifaceted nature of pedagogical accompaniment. The discussion underscores importance of aligning pedagogical accompaniment strategies with educational policies and fostering a reflective and critical enhancement approach. Finally, the paper emphasizes incorporating pedagogical accompaniment significance to support educators, fostering competencies, values, and attitudes among students, promoting interactive learning process.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Social and Business Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Strategic Framework for New Product Development in Islamic Banks of Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Islamic Banking Landscape
Islamic financial industry is at the verge of maturity, to keep it alive it needs new and timely products for its customers. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework which describes new product creation within Islamic banks of Pakistan based on the earlier framework provided by Ahmed (2011). The present study uses qualitative method to explore the product development process in Islamic banks of Pakistan by collecting data through unstructured interviews from individuals related to the field of product development. Findings of this research shows induction of 4 steps to the product development process in case of Pakistan such as State Bank’s approval and Management’s review after in-house testing, legal department and Operations Shari’ah review. With the induction of these steps this framework can be adopted by the Islamic banks of Pakistan. Finally, it is recommended that Islamic banks should foster an environment of Shari’ah based product creation to achieve Maqasid al-Shari’ah and reduce the documentation process to gain and retain customers. State bank should devise a separate Islamic PR department to deal with Islamic banks only, provide protection and ease to Islamic banks in documentation process and produce guidelines for Islamic banks separately.
Unveiling the Nexus: Exploring How Political Stability and Corruption Mediate the Relationship Between Macroeconomic Factors and Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia
All global economies are sensitive to changes in the price of crude oil. Because their economies are more susceptible to external shocks, emerging nations feel the effects of fluctuations in crude oil prices more acutely. The relationship between macroeconomic factors and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in South Asian countries is investigated. This study will focus on the microeconomic factors and FDI in South Asian countries by investigating the variables such as interest rate, exchange rates, oil prices, inflation, and GDP levels. The primary goal is to desegregate the individual impacts of these factors in the selected South Asian economies and highlight the moderating role of governance and corruption on the linkage among these factors and foreign direct investment. The research covers the time span from 2000 to 2020 and includes such major economic crises as today’s COVID 19 pandemics. Using purposive sampling technique, data were gathered from well-knowns sources, such as, central banks of Pakistan. The regression model which was applied in the analysis gives useful results. Culture of inflation and inflation has an indirect relationship with GDP in Bangladesh which in turn affects FDI. Conversely, corruption is perceived to act as the key intermediary in shaping the linkages among these factors. In India, the FDI dynamics are governed by a multi-pronged influence, and as the inflation rates, exchange rates, oil prices, and GDP are the most important. Even though corruption is not widely regarded as a major barrier to attracting foreign capital, it proves to be a significant factor that predetermines political stability. On the other hand, Pakistan’s inflation rates and exchange rates signify great impacts on FDI; however, with oil prices rapidly affecting and GDP doing so gradually. Although corruption has been inflicted as negligible, political equilibrium acquires a substantial role in the mediation process. This study highlights the pivotal use of governmental policy tools to stabilize key economic factors and restore investors' confidence. In addition to that, it showcases the role of having political stability to get FDI across varied sectors. Policymakers are therefore advised to start from the point of coordinating strategies that will stimulate economic stability as well as political cohesion in South Asian countries.
Interest rate; Inflation; exchange rate; GDP; oil prices; India; Pakistan; Bangladesh
Chatbots as Recruiter and Customer Service
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of chatbots in customer service and recruiting, with an emphasis on the function of improving chatbot customer service. Chatbots have grown in popularity for automating hiring processes and customer service. The literature review indicates that chatbots have a significant impact on the recruitment process, such as improved efficiency, increased candidate engagement, and reduced workload for HR personnel. Chatbots have proven effective in improving customer service interactions, with benefits including increased customer satisfaction, reduced wait times, and improved customer engagement. However, the review also highlights several challenges that must be addressed to fully realize the potential of chatbots in these areas. These challenges include issues related to user acceptance and perceptions of chatbot technology, as well as concerns about privacy and data security. Therefore, this study provides recommendations to solve challenges like improving design and chatbot functionality, ensuring transparency and clear communication with users, and enhancing the protocols for data security. Our analysis leads us to conclude that more study is needed to fully explore the potential of chatbots in customer service and recruiting, as well as to gain a deeper knowledge of the variables influencing user adoption and views of chatbot technology. Such research may involve the development of new chatbot designs and features, as well as the use of experimental research designs to explore user attitudes and behaviors. Ultimately, the integration of chatbot technology into recruitment and customer service processes has the potential to significantly enhance organizational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Therefore, we suggest that further research be conducted to enhance organizational efficiency and customer satisfaction through the integration of chatbot technology in recruitment and customer service processes.
Chatbots, Artificial Intelligence, Recruitment, Customer Service, User Acceptance, User Attitudes, User Experience, Technology Adoption
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Social and Business Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Unpacking Links Concerning E-Service and Repeat Online Purchases: Mediating Role of Online Shopping Experience and Adjusted Satisfaction
This paper discusses the strategies adopted by e-commerce businesses to encourage customers to repurchase their products online. The study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 300 independent sample respondents to examine e-service quality, online repurchases, consumer experience and satisfaction. Empirical findings of study describe significant results. This study provides valuable insights into the key concepts that contribute to customer loyalty and can aid in the development of effective models for online repurchasing of quality green cosmetic brands.
E-Services Qualities, Green Cosmetic, Online Purchase, Adjusted Satisfaction, Online Shopping Experience
Efficacy of Pakistan's Internal Auditing Function : A Perception of Pakistan's External Auditors
The current study explores the Internal Audit Function's (IAF's) possible significance in corporate governance. It must function well to support sound corporate governance. IAF has numerous stakeholders, including the Board of Directors (BoD) and external auditors. Every one of these stakeholders has unique requirements and perspectives regarding the IAF. We attempted to investigate how external auditors see the function and efficacy of IAF. Research conducted interviews with eight external auditors from various companies to achieve this. The results indicate that IAF's responsibilities include risk management, fraud risk management, and compliance and review of internal controls. This research also found that the IAF's current role may be more effectively performed by granting it independence and appointing persons with the necessary training, expertise, and experience. An efficient IAF can also aid external auditors.
Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Internal Audit Function, External Auditors
The Impact of Consumers Trust in Green Products: The Study in Pakistan Market
Previous research investigated how product qualities influence consumer trust. Still, additional research is needed to understand how product qualities influence consumer trust, as well as the mediating mechanisms that underpin this relationship. Given that diverse product features influence consumer trust, the current study investigates how internet purchasing affects consumer behavior. The study's findings revealed that green product qualities are most strongly connected with customer trust. Furthermore, green products were found to influence green product features and customer trust. Marketing practitioners interested in branding strategies in the context of online buying will find these insights useful not only for academics but also for marketers.
Consumer Trust, Online Shopping, Physical Attributes, Trust, Perceptual Factors
Implications of the Internet of Things on the Satisfaction of Employees from the Perspective of Pakistani Market
A study will be carried out in order to determine the extent to which the Internet of Things (IoT) has a role in predicting the level of satisfaction experienced by employees working in Pakistani online retail establishments. The information will be gathered through the use of a questionnaire, and it will be analysed with SPSS and AMOS. The study will have a total of 365 participants that will take part in it. The research would make a contribution to the existing literature on the internet of things and the satisfaction of employees in marketing literature. With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming more accessible to the general public, businesses are increasingly considering the implementation of IoT solutions in an effort to boost the level of pleasure experienced by their customers. Additionally, it was discovered that the Internet of Things (IoT) was able to considerably forecast the expectations of employees and mediated the effects that it had on employees' expectations. For the purpose of giving a more comprehensive knowledge of the interaction between Internet of Things and relationship marketing, this study fills a gap in the existing body of literature.
Employees Satisfaction, Internet of Things (IoT), Employees Expectation
Impact of Organizational Justice & Commitment at Pakistani Police Officer. A Mediating Model of Job Satisfaction
With an emphasis on mediating function of work satisfaction, this study investigates effects of organizational justice on organizational commitment of group of police officers from Pakistan. Examining the effects of organizational justice and commitment using mediating model is primary goal of research. The research methodology involves data collection from police stations in various cities in Pakistan, utilizing a convenience sampling technique. The sample consists of 225 police officers and data analysis includes CFA and structural modelling. The results validate the hypotheses by showing a positive correlation between satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational justice. Additionally, job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics within the police force and calls for future research to address limitations such as sample representativeness and cross-sectional design.
Job Satisfaction, Justice, Commitment, Police Officers, Procedural
Transpersonal Leadership (TL) Influence on Organizational Commitment (OC): Mediating Model of Psychological Empowerment
This study explores transpersonal leadership (TL) and organizational commitment (OC) within nursing profession in Pakistan, also considering the psychological empowerment (PE) mediating role. In Pakistan, the shortage of nursing professionals poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, impacting the quality and accessibility of patient care. Data collected from nursing staff in Peshawar District hospitals are analyzed using CFA. The study found that transformational leadership psychological empowerment and organizational commitment all strongly associated. Moreover, study also contributes novel insights into psychological empowerment indirect relationship among transformational leadership and organizational commitment. It highlights significance of fostering supportive and empowering work environment through transformational leadership practices to enhance employee commitment. The implications for healthcare organizations include promoting transformational leadership to cultivate psychological empowerment, leading to increased organizational commitment, improved performance, and overall success.
Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, Transformational Leadership, Social Exchange Theory, Nursing Professional
Individual Career Management Practice (ICMP) Impact on Organizational Commitment (OC). Empirical Analysis
The landscape of Individual Career Management Practices (ICMP) has evolved significantly recently. This empirical analysis aims to discover ICMP, organizational commitment and also mediating role of IEP. Drawing on COR theory, this study explores the intricate interplay between individual internal employability perception (IEP), career management practices (ICMP), and organizational commitment (OC). We investigate not only the direct impact of employability perceptions but also antecedents shaping these perceptions. Building on the perspective of Chiesa et al. (2020), study also explores mediating potential role of IEP in elucidating relationship between ICMP and OC. The study employs Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) to analyze data gathered from individuals across various industries in Pakistan. The findings provide robust support for the positive relationship between ICMP and IEP (H1) and the association between ICMP and OC (H2). The study reveals significant indirect effects, indicating the mediating role of internal employability perceptions between ICMP and organizational commitment (H3). This research contributes to the existing knowledge by addressing gaps and offering practical implications for both individuals and organizations. The positive correlations identified underscore the importance of effective ICMP in enhancing internal employability perceptions and organizational commitment, ultimately fostering a more resilient and engaged workforce.
Organizational Commitment, Individual Career Management Practices, Individual Employability Perception
Challenges and Opportunities of the Internet of Things Integration for Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0
The term "Industry 4.0" refers to the fourth iteration of the industrial revolution, which is characterized by the fast rise of information technology and the processes of industrialization, which are the key causes behind the birth of the fourth industrial revolution. The term "Industry 4.0" was coined by the Boston Consulting Group in 2013. These are the key factors that have contributed to the development of the fourth industrial revolution. This revolution incorporates several technological developments, including physical-cybernetic systems, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and industrial integration, to name a few. Because of the development of these technologies, it is now possible to create "smart factories," which have the potential to be networked, adaptable, and efficient, in addition to being sensitive to changes in both the requirements of consumers and the environment in which they function. However, businesses that want to be a part of this paradigm change will have to overcome substantial obstacles since there are not yet enough tools and processes available to properly capitalize on the opportunities presented by Industry 4.0. This implies that there are considerable obstacles for companies who wish to participate. We see this as an opportunity since IoT represents a potential opportunity for the industrial industry. We take a look at the present state of the art, determine the most significant problems and possibilities, and provide some suggestions for the path that future research should take. In addition, we examine the implications that the inclusion of the Internet of Things could have on a variety of elements of environmentally responsible manufacturing, such as the reduction of waste and energy consumption, as well as improvements in product quality, safety, and social responsibility. Specifically, we focus on the reduction of waste and energy consumption in the production process. Specifically, these are the topics covered in this particular portion of the article. As a consequence of this investigation, we have been able to define the primary obstacles and openings that will be involved in further research, as well as the potential routes along which following research need to go.
Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, Sustainable Manufacturing, Smart Factory, Challenges and Opportunities, Layer Architecture
The Impact of Students Satisfaction Toward Single National Curriculum Change in Pakistan: Pedagogical Knowledge as Mediator
The present study focuses on the relationship between single national curriculums (SNC), student satisfaction (SS), and pedagogical knowledge (PK). The article explores the goals of the national curriculum from the perspective of students. It delves into their perceptions of these goals and the challenges they face in realizing them. Data were collected from 776 matric students in different cities in Pakistan. Results of AMOS-SEM demonstrated that SNC is significant predictor of SS and PE as mediator between SNC and SS. These findings provide deeper understanding of student thinking of SNC and their satisfaction and emphasize need to assimilate pedagogical knowledge enhacement for curriculum.
New Curriculum, Change Perception, Student satisfaction, Pedagogical Knowledge